IUGR: causes

IUGR

Inherited: chromosomal and genetic disorders

Uterus: placental insufficency

General: maternal malnutrition, smoking

Rubella and other congenital infecton

Fetus: cardinal movements of fetus

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Descent

Flexion

Interal rotation

Extension

Alpha-fetoprotein: causes for increased maternal serum AFP during pregnancy

Increased Maternal Serum Alpha Feto Protein

Intestinal obstruction

Multiple gestation/ Miscalculation of gestational age/ Myeloschisis

Spina bifida cystica

Anencephaly/ Abdominal wall defect

Post-partum haemorrhage (PPH): causes

4 'T's

Tissue (retained placenta)

Tone (uterine atony)

Trauma (traumatic delivery, episiotomy)

Thrombin (coagulation disorders, DIC)

Oral contraceptive complications: warning signs

ACHES







Abdominal pain

Chest pain

Headache (severe)

Eye (blurred vision)

Sharp leg pain

clinical features of Septic Abortion

5 P's

P- Pyrexia

P- Pain in abdomen

P- Pulse rate increase: 100-200/min

P- Purulent vaginal discharge

P- Pelvic findings: Patulous os or a boggy feel of the uterus