Aortic regurgitation: causes

CREAM

Congenital

Rheumatic damage

Endocarditis

Aortic dissection/ Aortic root dilatation

 

Marfan’s

Bronchiectasis: differential diagnosis

BRONCHIECTASIS:

Bronchial cyst
Repeated gastric acid aspiration
Or due to foreign bodies
Necrotizing pneumonia
Chemical corrosive substances

Symptoms Of Mesothelioma

UNCLASPED
Unexplained weight Loss
Night Sweats or Fever
Cough that lingers
Lumps on the chest (under the skin)

Adrenal: C 21 Hydroxylase Deficiency

INK For Pen of Dean

INK - INcrease in K

For Pen - Female Pseudohermaphrodite 

Dean DEcrease in Na hence fall in Blood Pressure

and 17 hydroxylase is exactly opposite

Decrease in K

Male pseudohermaphrodite

Increase in Na (Hence increase in Blood pressure too)

drugs not given in HOCM

DNB

D - DIURETICS, DIGOXIN

N - NITRATES 

B - BETA AGONISTS

EDWARDS SYNDROME : Characteristics

EDWARDS

Eighteen (trisomy)

Digit overlapping flexion

Wide head

Absent intellect (mentally retarded)

Rocker-bottom feet

Diseased heart

Small lower jaw

Causes of Osteoperosis

ACCESS


A lcohol

C orticosteroids

C alcium (low intake)

E ostrogen deficiency

S moking

S edentary Lifestyle

c/f of HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE

ABCDE

A- AFFECTIVE DISORDER, ABUSE PROBLEMS, ANTI-SOCIAL

B- BEHAVIOURAL DISTURBANCES

C- CHOREA

D- DEMENTIA(late feature), DEPRESSION(schizophreniform)

E- EPILEPTIC(seizures) AND EXTRAPYRAMIDAL (parkinsonian)

HYPERTHYROIDISM : signs and symptoms

THYROIDISM 


TREMOR

HEART RATE UP

YAWNING(FATIGUED)

RESTLESSNESS

OLIGOMENORRHEA/AMENORRHEA

INTOLERANCE TO HEAT

DIARRHEA

IRRITABILITY

SWEATING

MUSCLE WASTING/WEIGHT LOSS

CAUSES OF REDUCED INTESTINAL MOTILITY

PAD

P-PARKINSONISM

A-AMYLOIDOSIS

D-DIABETES

Turners Syndrome

CLOWNS




C = Cardiac Abnormality; COARCTATION

L = Lymphedema (due to poor lymphatics)

O = Ovaries not developed = amenorrhoea/sterility 

W = Webbed Neck

N =Nipples widely spaced

S=SHORT STATURE
 

charcot's triad of multiple sclerosis

SIN





S-staccato speech

I-intentional tremors

N-nystagmus

Vomiting : Non GI causes

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I 




A cute renal failure

B rain (increased ICP)

C ardiac (inferior MI)

D KA

E ars (labyrinthitis)

F oreign substances (Tylenol)

G laucoma

H yperemesis gravidarum

I nfections (pyelonephritis, meningitis)

Hypercalcemia

SHAMPOO DIRT






S arcoidosis

H yperparathypoidism, Hyperthyroidism

A lkali-milk syndrome

M etastases, Myeloma

P aget disease

O steogenesis imperfecta

O steoporosis

vitamin D toxicity

I mmobility

R TA

T hiazides

Causes of A-Fibrillation/Flutter

HEART


H= cHf, other cardiomyopathies

E= Enlargement of the atria

A= Alcohol binge drinking

R= Rheumatic heart disease

T= hyperThyroid

Back pain causes

DISK MASS 


Degeneration (DJD, osteoporosis, spondylosis)

Infection (UTI, PID, Pott's disease, osteomyelitis, prostatitis)/ Injury, fracture or compression fracture

Spondylitis (ankylosing spondyloarthropathies such as rheumatoid arthritis, Reiters, SLE)

Kidney (stones, infarction, infection)

Multiple myeloma/ Metastasis (from cancers of breast, kidney, lung, prostate, thyroid)

Abdominal pain (referred to the back)/ Aneurysm

Skin (herpes zoster)/ Strain/ Scoliosis and lordosis

Slipped disk/ Spondylolisthesis
 

Apex beat: differential for impalpable apex beat

DOPES 


Dextrocardia

Obesity

Pericarditis or pericardial tamponade

Emphysema

Sinus inversus/ Student incompetence

Atrial fibrillation: causes

PIRATES

Pulmonary: PE, COPD

Iatrogenic

Rheumatic heart: mirtral regurgitation

Atherosclerotic: MI, CAD

Thyroid: hyperthyroid

Endocarditis

Sick sinus syndrome

ECG: T wave inversion causes

INVERT 


Ischemia

Normality [esp. young, black]

Ventricular hypertrophy

Ectopic foci [eg calcified plaques]

RBBB, LBBB

Treatments [digoxin]

Murmurs: innocent murmur

8 S
Soft

Systolic

Short

Sounds (S1 & S2) normal

Symptomless

Special tests normal (X-ray, EKG)

Standing/ Sitting (vary with position)

Sternal depression