MBBS MADE EASY: 2011

Monday, August 1, 2011

Guthrie card: diseases identified with it

Guthrie Cards Can Help Predict Bad Metabolism

Galactosaemia

Cystic fibrosis

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Hypothyroidism

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS): Features

FAS

Facial hypoplasia, Forebrain malformations

Attention deficit disorder (ADD), Altered joints

Short stature, Septal defects, Small(low) IQ

Hematuria: differential in children

ABCDEFGHIJK

Anatomy (cysts, etc)

Bladder (cystitis)

Cancer (Wilm's tumour)

Drug related (cyclophosphamide)

Failed intubation: Causes

INTUBATION

Infections of larynx

Neck mobility abnormalites

Teeth abnormalties(loose tooth,protuberant tooth)

Upper airway abnormalties (strictures or swellings)

Aortic regurgitation: causes

CREAM

Congenital

Rheumatic damage

Endocarditis

Aortic dissection/ Aortic root dilatation

Marfan’s

HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS

ACID

Type I -----Anaphylaxis

Type II ----Cytotoxic-mediated

Type III ---Immune-complex

Type IV ---Delayed hypersensitivity

Thursday, June 16, 2011

Steroid Side Effects

AM CUSHINGOID

A cne
M yopathy/proximal muscle weakness
C ushingoid/cataract
U lcers
S triae, skin thinning/bruising
H ypertension/hairy

MAOI Side Effects

3Hs

H epatocellular jaundice

H yperthermia

H ypertension

Cyclosporin Side Effects

4HRT

4H yperkalemia, hypertension, gum hypertrophy, hair

R enal toxicity

T remo

Cholinergic OD Side Effects

DUMB BELS

D iarrhea
U rination
M iosis/muscle weakness
B ronchorrea

Barbiturate Side Effects

ABCD

A taxia
B ehavioral disturbance
C oncentration decreased/coma
D epression/drowsy/diplopia

Anti-Epileptic Side Effect

ABCDEFGH

A taxia
B lood dyscrasia
C left lip
D upuytrens / Vit D deficiency

ACE Inhibitor Side Effects

CAPTOPRIL

C ough
A naphylaxis
P alpitations
T aste
O rthostatic hypotension

Bronchiectasis: differential diagnosis

BRONCHIECTASIS:

Bronchial cyst
Repeated gastric acid aspiration
Or due to foreign bodies
Necrotizing pneumonia
Chemical corrosive substances

NAIL PATELLA SYNDROME (NPS)

JOSH PERSON has NPS

Joints overextension

Osteo onycho dysplasia (alternate term)

Spurs on posterior iliac bone

Hyperhydrosis

Patella absent or hypoplastic -->knee instability

Causes of Localized Edema

ALIVE

Allergic (angioedema)

Lymphatic (e.g. elephantiasis)

Inflammatory (e.g. infection, injury)

VEnous (e.g. DVT, chronic venous insufficiency)

Symptoms of GI Obstruction

PV D&C

Pain

Vomiting

Distension

Constipation

Haematemesis

GUM BLEEDING

Gastritis,

Ulcer,

Mallory-Weiss

Biliary (Haemobilia),

Large varices,

Prophylactic antibiotics

APPLE

Amputations,

Prosthesis,

Penetrating wounds,

Large bowel surg,

Endocarditis

Monday, April 4, 2011

osler weber rendu syndrome

TEACH

Telengiectasia

Epistaxis

AV malformation

Cerebral abscess

Haemorrhages-pulmonary,GIT

Drugs causing Alopecia

ALOPECIA

Anticancer drugs like cyclophosphamide, adriamycin

Lithium

OC pills withdrawal

Propylthiouracil

ERYTHEMA NODOSUM

seen in conditions SIT

Sarcoidosis

Infections by salmonella-syphilis, streptococcus, Inflammatory bowel diseases

Tuberculosis

candidiasis causes

ABCDEFG

Antibiotic use

Baby(pregnancy)

Contraceptive pills

Diabetes

Contents of the Cubital fossa

CONTENTS OF THE CUBITAL FOSSA FROM MEDIAL TO LATERAL..

ME BRave?? BIg Rumour!!

MEdian Nerve

BRachial artery??

BIceps tendon

Radial nerve

Sphincters of the Ailmentary Canal

In order from proximal to distal,
Cats Purr Only If Amused

Cardiac

Pyloric

Oddi

Ileocaecal

Anal

Sunday, April 3, 2011

Brachial plexus

Lateral cord: LML

Lateral Pectoral

Musculocutaneous

Lateral root of median nerve

Large intestine features

LAST

LI (Large Intestine)

Apendices epicoliae

Sacculation

Tenia coli.

Branches of post. cord of brachial plexus in the axilla

STARS

Subscapular nerve(upper)

Thoracodorsal nerve

Axillary nerve

Radial nerve

Subscapular nerve(lower)

Thoraco acromian artery branches

ABCD

Acromian

Breast(pectoral )

Clavicular

Deltoid

Radial nerve supplying muscles

BEST

Brachioradialis

Extensors

Supinator

Triceps

Friday, April 1, 2011

Inversion vs. eversion muscles in leg

Second letter rule for inversion/eversion:

Eversion muscles:

pEroneus longus

pEroneus brevis

pEroneus tertius

Spleen: dimensions, weight, surface anatomy

1,3,5,7,9,11

Spleen dimensions are 1 inch x 3 inches x 5 inches.

Weight is 7 ounces.

It underlies ribs 9 through 11.

Cavernous sinus contents

O TOM CAT

O TOM are lateral wall components, in order from superior to inferior.
CA are the components within the sinus, from medial to lateral
CA ends at the level of T from O TOM

Pterygoid muscles: function of lateral vs. medial

"Look at how your jaw ends up when saying first syllable of 'Lateral' or 'Medial' ":

"La": your jaw is now open, so Lateral opens mouth.
"Me": your jaw is still closed, so medial closes the mandible.

Tuesday, March 22, 2011

FORAMEN OVALE STRUCTURES

OVALE

FORAMEN

V3 - MANDIBULAR NERVE

ACCESSORY MENINGEAL ARTERY

LESSER PETROSAL NERVE

EMISSARY VEIN

Hurler syndrome features

HURLER'S

Hepatosplenomegaly

Ugly face

Recessive (AR inheritance)

L-iduronidase deficiency (alpha)

8 CARPAL BONES

FROM LATERAL TO MEDIAL and
PROXIMAL TO DISTAL

SHE LOOKS TOO PRETTY TRY TO CATCH HER
SCAPHOID

LUNATE

TRIQUETRAL

PISIFORM

Cardiology : acute marginal artery vs obtuse marginal artery

Right-left similarly
Acute-Obtuse

acute marginal is a branch of RCA

Obtuse marginal is a branch of LCA

Sunday, March 6, 2011

Cervical plexus: arrangement of the important nerves

Deep tendon reflexes: root supply

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8

S1-2: ankle

L3-4: knee

C5-6: biceps, supinator

C7-8: triceps

Carpal tunnel syndrome causes

MEDIAN TRAP

Myxoedema

Edema premenstrually

Diabetes

Idiopathic

Acromegaly

Median nerve: hand muscles innervated

Meat LOAF

Median nerve
Lumbricals 1 and 2
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

Radial nerve: muscles supplied

BEST

Brachioradialis

Extensors

Supinator

Triceps

Ureter to ovarian/testicular artery relation

Water under the bridge

The ureters (which carry water), are posterior to the ovarian/testicular artery.

· Clinically important, since a common surgical error is to cut ureter instead of ovarian artery when removing uterus.

Wednesday, March 2, 2011

External carotid artery branches

Sister Lucy's Powdered Face Often Attracts Silly Medicos

Superior thyroid

Lingual

Posterior auricular

Facial

Aortic arch: major branch order

ABC'S

Aortic arch gives rise to:

Brachiocephalic trunk

left Common Carotid

left Subclavian

Friday, February 25, 2011

Inguinal canal: walls

MALT: 2M, 2A, 2L, 2T

Starting from superior, moving around in order to posterior

Superior wall (roof): 2 Muscles: internal oblique Muscle and transverse abdominus Muscle

Anterior wall: 2 Aponeuroses: Aponeurosis of external oblique and Aponeurosis of internal oblique

Rotator cuff muscles

SITS

Clockwise from top:

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Subscapularis

Scalp Layers

SCALP

From superficial to deep:

Skin

Connective tissue

Aponeurosis

Loose areolar tissue

Pericranium

Atrioventricular valves

LAB RAT

Left Atrium: Bicuspid

Right Atrium: Tricuspid

Relationship of Thorasic duct to Esophagous and Azygous

The duck is between two gooses
.
duck = thoracic duct 2 gooses = azyGOUS and esophaGOUS

Tuesday, February 22, 2011

Examination of Aorta

Symptoms Of Mesothelioma

UNCLASPED
Unexplained weight Loss
Night Sweats or Fever
Cough that lingers
Lumps on the chest (under the skin)

Examination Of Cardiovascular System

Examination Of Peripheral Vascular System

Examination of Trachea

Mind map of Brain Oscillations: Default Patterns of Sleep

Mind map of Brain Oscillations: Names, Numbers

Mind map of Brain Oscillations: Physiologic Components

Mind map of Glossary of Physiological Mediators

Saturday, February 5, 2011

Mind map of Insulin Functions

Mind map of Low Insulin Levels and Type I Diabetes

Mind map of Diabetes Nutrition

Mind map of Insulin Disorders

Mind map of Insomnia

Mind map of Hyperinsulinemia and Type II Diabetes

Mind map of Liver and Diabetes

Mind map of Diaphragm: Hiatal Hernia Syndrome

Mind map of Glycation and other complications of Diabetes

Mind map of Sequences in Progression of Atherosclerosis

Mind map of Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth

Wednesday, February 2, 2011

Bronchopulmonary segments of right lung

A PALM Seed Makes Another Little Palm

Superior to Inferior :

Apical

Posterior

Anterior

Lateral

Medial

Tarsal tunnel: Contents

Tiny Dogs Are Not Hunters

From superior to inferior:

T: Tibialis posterior

F: flexor Digitorum longus

A: posterior tibial Artery

Attachments of Pectoralis Major, Teres Major and Latissimus Drosi

A lady between two majors

Latissimus dorsi attaches to the floor of bicipital groove

Pectoralis major attaches to lateral lip of bicipital groove

Teres major attaches to medial lip of bicipital groove