PRS
P- Palate cleft only
R- Respiratory obstruction(cyanotic spells), Retracted Tongue
S- Small mandible(micrognathia)
This blog is extremely useful for MBBS students.... It contains various useful articles that helps students to easily learn,understand, as a memory aid and enjoy their studies..... Many audio visuals , Medical Mnemonics and Medical mind maps are also posted which will be very helpful for students and doctors for various reference purposes..... JISHU JAYAPRAKASH
Wednesday, December 8, 2010
Pierre Robin Syndrome(PRS)
Indications 4 dialysis
Acute pancreatitis causes
GET SMASHeD Pancreatitis
G-Gall stone
E-Ethanol
T-Trauma
S-Steroid
M-Mumps
A-Autoimmune
S-Scorpion bite
H-Hypercalcaemia
D-Drugs like sulfa drugs
P-Post splenectomy
G-Gall stone
E-Ethanol
T-Trauma
S-Steroid
M-Mumps
A-Autoimmune
S-Scorpion bite
H-Hypercalcaemia
D-Drugs like sulfa drugs
P-Post splenectomy
lymphatic spread of sarcomas
RACE for MS
R habdomyosarcoma
A ngiosarcoma
C lear cell sarcoma
E pithelial sarcoma
M alignant histiosarcoma
S ynovial sarcoma
R habdomyosarcoma
A ngiosarcoma
C lear cell sarcoma
E pithelial sarcoma
M alignant histiosarcoma
S ynovial sarcoma
Indications for Tonsillectomy
HARMS
H : Hypertrophy with hoarseness
A : Abscess (Peritonsillar - Quinsy)
R : Recurrent sore throat
M : Malignancy is suspected
S : Seizures (Febrile seizures due to Tonsillitis)
H : Hypertrophy with hoarseness
A : Abscess (Peritonsillar - Quinsy)
R : Recurrent sore throat
M : Malignancy is suspected
S : Seizures (Febrile seizures due to Tonsillitis)
Tumors with Bone Mets
All kinds of malignant tumors probably like metastsizing to bone.
Alimentary
Kidney
Ovarian
Malignant Melanoma
Thyroid
Prostate
Lung
Multiple Myeloma
Testis
Breast
Alimentary
Kidney
Ovarian
Malignant Melanoma
Thyroid
Prostate
Lung
Multiple Myeloma
Testis
Breast
Tuesday, December 7, 2010
Adrenal: C 21 Hydroxylase Deficiency
INK For Pen of Dean
INK - INcrease in K
For Pen - Female Pseudohermaphrodite
Dean DEcrease in Na hence fall in Blood Pressure
and 17 hydroxylase is exactly opposite
Decrease in K
Male pseudohermaphrodite
Increase in Na (Hence increase in Blood pressure too)
INK - INcrease in K
For Pen - Female Pseudohermaphrodite
Dean DEcrease in Na hence fall in Blood Pressure
and 17 hydroxylase is exactly opposite
Decrease in K
Male pseudohermaphrodite
Increase in Na (Hence increase in Blood pressure too)
drugs not given in HOCM
EDWARDS SYNDROME : Characteristics
EDWARDS
Eighteen (trisomy)
Digit overlapping flexion
Wide head
Absent intellect (mentally retarded)
Rocker-bottom feet
Diseased heart
Small lower jaw
Eighteen (trisomy)
Digit overlapping flexion
Wide head
Absent intellect (mentally retarded)
Rocker-bottom feet
Diseased heart
Small lower jaw
Monday, December 6, 2010
Sunday, December 5, 2010
Friday, December 3, 2010
Causes of Osteoperosis
ACCESS
A lcohol
C orticosteroids
C alcium (low intake)
E ostrogen deficiency
S moking
S edentary Lifestyle
A lcohol
C orticosteroids
C alcium (low intake)
E ostrogen deficiency
S moking
S edentary Lifestyle
c/f of HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE
ABCDE
A- AFFECTIVE DISORDER, ABUSE PROBLEMS, ANTI-SOCIAL
B- BEHAVIOURAL DISTURBANCES
C- CHOREA
D- DEMENTIA(late feature), DEPRESSION(schizophreniform)
E- EPILEPTIC(seizures) AND EXTRAPYRAMIDAL (parkinsonian)
A- AFFECTIVE DISORDER, ABUSE PROBLEMS, ANTI-SOCIAL
B- BEHAVIOURAL DISTURBANCES
C- CHOREA
D- DEMENTIA(late feature), DEPRESSION(schizophreniform)
E- EPILEPTIC(seizures) AND EXTRAPYRAMIDAL (parkinsonian)
Thursday, December 2, 2010
HYPERTHYROIDISM : signs and symptoms
THYROIDISM
TREMOR
HEART RATE UP
YAWNING(FATIGUED)
RESTLESSNESS
OLIGOMENORRHEA/AMENORRHEA
INTOLERANCE TO HEAT
DIARRHEA
IRRITABILITY
SWEATING
MUSCLE WASTING/WEIGHT LOSS
TREMOR
HEART RATE UP
YAWNING(FATIGUED)
RESTLESSNESS
OLIGOMENORRHEA/AMENORRHEA
INTOLERANCE TO HEAT
DIARRHEA
IRRITABILITY
SWEATING
MUSCLE WASTING/WEIGHT LOSS
CAUSES OF REDUCED INTESTINAL MOTILITY
Turners Syndrome
CLOWNS
C = Cardiac Abnormality; COARCTATION
L = Lymphedema (due to poor lymphatics)
O = Ovaries not developed = amenorrhoea/sterility
W = Webbed Neck
N =Nipples widely spaced
S=SHORT STATURE
C = Cardiac Abnormality; COARCTATION
L = Lymphedema (due to poor lymphatics)
O = Ovaries not developed = amenorrhoea/sterility
W = Webbed Neck
N =Nipples widely spaced
S=SHORT STATURE
charcot's triad of multiple sclerosis
Vomiting : Non GI causes
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I
A cute renal failure
B rain (increased ICP)
C ardiac (inferior MI)
D KA
E ars (labyrinthitis)
F oreign substances (Tylenol)
G laucoma
H yperemesis gravidarum
I nfections (pyelonephritis, meningitis)
A cute renal failure
B rain (increased ICP)
C ardiac (inferior MI)
D KA
E ars (labyrinthitis)
F oreign substances (Tylenol)
G laucoma
H yperemesis gravidarum
I nfections (pyelonephritis, meningitis)
Hypercalcemia
SHAMPOO DIRT
S arcoidosis
H yperparathypoidism, Hyperthyroidism
A lkali-milk syndrome
M etastases, Myeloma
P aget disease
O steogenesis imperfecta
O steoporosis
vitamin D toxicity
I mmobility
R TA
T hiazides
S arcoidosis
H yperparathypoidism, Hyperthyroidism
A lkali-milk syndrome
M etastases, Myeloma
P aget disease
O steogenesis imperfecta
O steoporosis
vitamin D toxicity
I mmobility
R TA
T hiazides
Causes of A-Fibrillation/Flutter
HEART
H= cHf, other cardiomyopathies
E= Enlargement of the atria
A= Alcohol binge drinking
R= Rheumatic heart disease
T= hyperThyroid
H= cHf, other cardiomyopathies
E= Enlargement of the atria
A= Alcohol binge drinking
R= Rheumatic heart disease
T= hyperThyroid
Back pain causes
DISK MASS
Degeneration (DJD, osteoporosis, spondylosis)
Infection (UTI, PID, Pott's disease, osteomyelitis, prostatitis)/ Injury, fracture or compression fracture
Spondylitis (ankylosing spondyloarthropathies such as rheumatoid arthritis, Reiters, SLE)
Kidney (stones, infarction, infection)
Multiple myeloma/ Metastasis (from cancers of breast, kidney, lung, prostate, thyroid)
Abdominal pain (referred to the back)/ Aneurysm
Skin (herpes zoster)/ Strain/ Scoliosis and lordosis
Slipped disk/ Spondylolisthesis
Degeneration (DJD, osteoporosis, spondylosis)
Infection (UTI, PID, Pott's disease, osteomyelitis, prostatitis)/ Injury, fracture or compression fracture
Spondylitis (ankylosing spondyloarthropathies such as rheumatoid arthritis, Reiters, SLE)
Kidney (stones, infarction, infection)
Multiple myeloma/ Metastasis (from cancers of breast, kidney, lung, prostate, thyroid)
Abdominal pain (referred to the back)/ Aneurysm
Skin (herpes zoster)/ Strain/ Scoliosis and lordosis
Slipped disk/ Spondylolisthesis
Wednesday, December 1, 2010
Apex beat: differential for impalpable apex beat
DOPES
Dextrocardia
Obesity
Pericarditis or pericardial tamponade
Emphysema
Sinus inversus/ Student incompetence
Dextrocardia
Obesity
Pericarditis or pericardial tamponade
Emphysema
Sinus inversus/ Student incompetence
Atrial fibrillation: causes
PIRATES
Pulmonary: PE, COPD
Iatrogenic
Rheumatic heart: mirtral regurgitation
Atherosclerotic: MI, CAD
Thyroid: hyperthyroid
Endocarditis
Sick sinus syndrome
Pulmonary: PE, COPD
Iatrogenic
Rheumatic heart: mirtral regurgitation
Atherosclerotic: MI, CAD
Thyroid: hyperthyroid
Endocarditis
Sick sinus syndrome
ECG: T wave inversion causes
INVERT
Ischemia
Normality [esp. young, black]
Ventricular hypertrophy
Ectopic foci [eg calcified plaques]
RBBB, LBBB
Treatments [digoxin]
Ischemia
Normality [esp. young, black]
Ventricular hypertrophy
Ectopic foci [eg calcified plaques]
RBBB, LBBB
Treatments [digoxin]
Murmurs: innocent murmur
8 S
Soft
Systolic
Short
Sounds (S1 & S2) normal
Symptomless
Special tests normal (X-ray, EKG)
Standing/ Sitting (vary with position)
Sternal depression
Soft
Systolic
Short
Sounds (S1 & S2) normal
Symptomless
Special tests normal (X-ray, EKG)
Standing/ Sitting (vary with position)
Sternal depression
Depressed ST-segment: causes
DEPRESSED ST
Drooping valve (MVP)
Enlargement of LV with strain
Potassium loss (hypokalemia)
Reciprocal ST- depression (in I/W AMI)
Embolism in lungs (pulmonary embolism)
Subendocardial ischemia
Subendocardial infarct
Encephalon haemorrhage (intracranial haemorrhage)
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Shock
Toxicity of digitalis, quinidine
Drooping valve (MVP)
Enlargement of LV with strain
Potassium loss (hypokalemia)
Reciprocal ST- depression (in I/W AMI)
Embolism in lungs (pulmonary embolism)
Subendocardial ischemia
Subendocardial infarct
Encephalon haemorrhage (intracranial haemorrhage)
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Shock
Toxicity of digitalis, quinidine
Jugular venous pressure (JVP) elevation: causes
HOLI
Heart failure
Obstruction of venea cava
Lymphatic enlargement - supraclavicular
Intra-Thoracic pressure increase
Heart failure
Obstruction of venea cava
Lymphatic enlargement - supraclavicular
Intra-Thoracic pressure increase
CHF: Causes of exacerbation
FAILURE
Forgot medication
Arrhythmia/ Anaemia
Ischemia/ Infarction/ Infection
Lifestyle: taken too much salt
Upregulation of CO: pregnancy, hyperthyroidism
Renal failure
Embolism: pulmonary
Forgot medication
Arrhythmia/ Anaemia
Ischemia/ Infarction/ Infection
Lifestyle: taken too much salt
Upregulation of CO: pregnancy, hyperthyroidism
Renal failure
Embolism: pulmonary
ST elevation causes in ECG
ELEVATION
Electrolytes
LBBB
Early repolarization
Ventricular hypertrophy
Aneurysm
Treatment (eg pericardiocentesis)
Injury (AMI, contusion)
Osborne waves (hypothermia)
Non-occlusive vasospasm
Electrolytes
LBBB
Early repolarization
Ventricular hypertrophy
Aneurysm
Treatment (eg pericardiocentesis)
Injury (AMI, contusion)
Osborne waves (hypothermia)
Non-occlusive vasospasm
Pericarditis: Causes
CARDIAC RIND
Collagen vascular disease
Aortic aneurysm
Radiation
Drugs (such as hydralazine)
Infections
Acute renal failure
Cardiac infarction
Rheumatic fever
Injury
Neoplasms
Dressler's syndrome
Collagen vascular disease
Aortic aneurysm
Radiation
Drugs (such as hydralazine)
Infections
Acute renal failure
Cardiac infarction
Rheumatic fever
Injury
Neoplasms
Dressler's syndrome
Fanconis anemia
FANCONIS
F facial microcephaly
A abnormal testis n kidneys
N neutropenia
C cafe au lait
O ocular abnormality
N no thumbs n radius
I increased risk of AML
S skin abnormality
F facial microcephaly
A abnormal testis n kidneys
N neutropenia
C cafe au lait
O ocular abnormality
N no thumbs n radius
I increased risk of AML
S skin abnormality
Tuesday, November 30, 2010
Causes of upper lobe fibrosis
Pin point pupils
ACUTE PANCREATITIS
GET SMASHED
Gall stone
Ethanol
Trauma
Steroid
Mumps
Autoimmunenodosa, ascaris infection
Scorpionvenom
Hypertriglyceridemia (hyperchylomicronaemia, hypercalcaemia)
ERCP
Drugs ( azathioprime, mesalazine, bendroflumethiazide, frusemide, sodium valproate )
Gall stone
Ethanol
Trauma
Steroid
Mumps
Autoimmunenodosa, ascaris infection
Scorpionvenom
Hypertriglyceridemia (hyperchylomicronaemia, hypercalcaemia)
ERCP
Drugs ( azathioprime, mesalazine, bendroflumethiazide, frusemide, sodium valproate )
Causes of moderate splenomegaly
SPLEEN
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
Portal hypertension
Lupus and other autoimmune
EBV + other viruses (HIV, CMV)
Endemic fever (typhoid) and typhus
Non-treponemal spirochaetes (leptospirosis, borreliosis), syphilis, and trypanosomiasis (a bit of a weak grouping I know, but they look vaguely similar!)
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
Portal hypertension
Lupus and other autoimmune
EBV + other viruses (HIV, CMV)
Endemic fever (typhoid) and typhus
Non-treponemal spirochaetes (leptospirosis, borreliosis), syphilis, and trypanosomiasis (a bit of a weak grouping I know, but they look vaguely similar!)
Causes of massive splenomegaly
MASSIVE
Myelofibrosis/myeloproliferative (CML, PRV)/CLL
Amyloidosis + other infiltrative (Gaucher's, sarcoid)
Splenic hydatid cyst
Schistosomiasis
Immune haemolysis/other haemolysis/haemoglobinopathies
Visceral Leishmaniasis
Endemic malaria (hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly)
Myelofibrosis/myeloproliferative (CML, PRV)/CLL
Amyloidosis + other infiltrative (Gaucher's, sarcoid)
Splenic hydatid cyst
Schistosomiasis
Immune haemolysis/other haemolysis/haemoglobinopathies
Visceral Leishmaniasis
Endemic malaria (hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly)
Neurofibromatosis type 1
TB- Conditions favoring reactivation
CM Hates HIS MD
Chronic renal failure
Malnutrition
HIV infection
Hemophilia
Immunosuppression
Silicosis
Malignancies
Diabetes
Chronic renal failure
Malnutrition
HIV infection
Hemophilia
Immunosuppression
Silicosis
Malignancies
Diabetes
ARDS Aetiology
Narcotic SIDED PAM
Narcotics
Shock
Inhalation- ammonia, chlorine smoke
Drugs- Barbiturates, thiazides
Emboli- fat, air, amniotic fluid
DIC
Pulmonary infection
Aspiration- water, vomitus
Misc- acute pancreatitis, trauma, sle, raised ICP
Narcotics
Shock
Inhalation- ammonia, chlorine smoke
Drugs- Barbiturates, thiazides
Emboli- fat, air, amniotic fluid
DIC
Pulmonary infection
Aspiration- water, vomitus
Misc- acute pancreatitis, trauma, sle, raised ICP
Causes of Transudative plural fluid
Super Nova is Pulling My congested Cirrhotic Liver
Superier vana caval syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome
Pul. emboli
Myxedema
CCF(MC)
Cirrosis liver
Superier vana caval syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome
Pul. emboli
Myxedema
CCF(MC)
Cirrosis liver
Anaphylaxis treatments
ACH{ACETYLCHONE}
A-ADRENALINE[O.5MG IM]
C-CHLORPHENAMINE[0.5 times20=10mg iv]
H-HYDROCORTISONE[10times20=200mg iv]
A-ADRENALINE[O.5MG IM]
C-CHLORPHENAMINE[0.5 times20=10mg iv]
H-HYDROCORTISONE[10times20=200mg iv]
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